达豪见证

巴伐利亚之旅——第三辑：历史之旅
The trip in the state of Bavaria 3
Die Reise in dem Bundesland Bayern 3

这是一个距慕尼黑仅18公里的小城，因此凭着自己的学生车票（慕尼黑全区票）就可以到达这里，而且所有的景点都是免费的，这样就造就了这次快乐的免费之旅（要知道这种机会是很难得的），而今年又恰逢达豪1200岁，使得这次免费旅行更加物超所值。

今年是达豪(Dachau)建立1200年（805－－2005），历史上它曾经吸引了众多的德国画家，19世纪时喜爱风景画的人们发现了达豪，便纷纷在这里定居，1900年左右，这个小城里每十个人中就有一人声称自己是画家，直至今天当人们提到这个小城时，还总能联想到Carl Spitzweg， Max Liebemann等德国重要画家的名字。达豪连接着慕尼黑和奥格斯堡，这个特殊的位置不仅带给这个小城财富与荣耀，还带来了战争与痛苦。了解近代历史的人们都知道达豪之所以闻名于世，确切地说是臭名远扬是因为从1933年起纳粹德国在这里建立了第一个集中营。这里有党卫军倡导的所谓的“达豪精神”，即对犯人们不能有一丝的同情心。此外，你还可以看到整日超负荷运转的焚尸炉。从此一片乌云笼罩在达豪上空，使得游人们总是心情沉重地来到这个本来可以令人心旷神怡的小城。从一个著名的画家乐园变成了同样著名的二战炼狱，这大概就可以概括这个小城带给人们的一切……

让我们来看看这个小城是如何向人们诠释美与丑！

This is a small town only 18km away from Munich, with the help of my students card (Gesamtnetz), I was able to come here, moreover all the places to be visited are free for entrance, which made a happy free trip for me. Another thing worth being mentioned is that the town Dachau is already 1200 years old so far. It is so attractive, isn’t it?

As mentioned above, the town has been established for 1200 years(805--2005). In the old days, painters discovered Dachau due to the beautiful landscape. From then on, painters settled down in Dachau in order to search for motifs in nature. Finally, around 1900 nearly one in every ten people in the streets of Dachau was said to be a painter. Until now the names of famous painters remain closely associated with the town: Carl Spitzweg, Max Liebemann. The favorable location along the main road connecting Munich and Augsburg not only just brought wealth and glory to Dachau, but also brought war and misery. The worst time for the citizen of the town came during the Thirty-Year War which was important in the German history. But people who are familiar with the modern history know that Dachau is famous and exactly flagrant for the first concentration camp built by Nazi regime. The commander of SS trained the guards in the relentless “Dachau spirit”(Rudolf Höß) that knew no mercy for the prisoners. And you can also find the crematorium with running overloaded. The inhuman terror cast a dark shadow over Dachau which makes tourists so sad, but the town should have brought the relaxation and happiness. From the artists’ paradise to the hell of World War II, that is all the small town can bring to people…

Let’s take a look at how the town annotates the beauty and wickedness!

集中营门外
Concentration Camp Memorial Site

集中营中心的一条路
the Central Road

坐落于集中营主道尽头的宗教纪念碑
the Religious Memorial located at the end of the camp road

犹太人纪念碑
Jewish Memorial


犹太人纪念碑，1967年由以色列政府建立
Jewish Memorial built in 1967 by Israeli government

碑上刻着："这里是焚尸场。
沉思，仿佛自己就在这里死去"。
It says "Crematorium, meditate on it as if you died here".

不用解释，我想你们能猜到这是干吗用的
Don't need to explain, you can guess what it can be used for.

你能想象到当年满负荷运转时的恐怖景象吗？
Can you imagine the horrible view when it was fully running?

纪念碑警示后人不要忘记那段血腥史
It is not only a monument but also a warning reminder.

死亡行军纪念碑
1945年4月26日，大约7000名集中营囚犯被强迫进行死亡行军，
大部分人死于途中。
后人在当年行军的起点树立纪念碑来悼念这次残酷行军的死难者。
Death March Memorial
The sculpture was erected in the place where the death march began.
Around 7000 prisoners from concentration camp were forced to evacuate,
most of them died during the march on April 26th, 1945.

贾莉在达豪市政厅前
Jia Li at the city hall

位于市政厅前的圣雅各布教堂
St. Jocob Church, located in front of the town hall.

从城堡花园可以看到慕尼黑全景甚至阿尔卑斯山
From the location of castle garden
you can see the panoramic view of Munich and even the Alps.

1100年历史的达豪宫
the Dachau Castle with around 1100 years old history

华丽的带有巴洛克风格的菩提树林荫路把人们带回16世纪。
A magnificent baroque arbor of lindens brings you back to 16th century.

Waldfriedhof墓地
二战结束，死于集中营解放之后的1268名幸存者被安葬于此。
Waldfriedhof Cemetery
After World War II, 1268 concentration camp prisoners, who died after the liberation of the camp, were laid to rest here.